Kazakhstan
Where the steppes whisper secrets and the mountains sing!
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Kazakhstan, the world's largest landlocked country, is a mesmerizing blend of vast steppes, soaring mountains, and rich cultural heritage. From the futuristic skyline of Nur-Sultan to the ancient Silk Road cities of Almaty and Turkestan, this nation offers a unique journey through time and nature. Explore the breathtaking landscapes of the Altai Mountains, the serene beauty of the Caspian Sea, and the vibrant traditions of its diverse ethnic groups. With its warm hospitality and a treasure trove of experiences, Kazakhstan is a destination that promises adventure and discovery at every turn.

Quick Facts

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When to Visit

Kazakhstan experiences a continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The best time to visit is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and pleasant. For those seeking winter sports, the snowy months from December to February offer excellent skiing opportunities in the mountainous regions. Summer is ideal for exploring the steppes and enjoying outdoor festivals, but be prepared for high temperatures in some areas.

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Public Holidays

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Holidays in 2025

Date Holiday Name Description Fixed Date
Wed 1 Jan New Year's Day Celebration of the new year, marked by festivities and family gatherings. Yes
Tue 7 Jan Orthodox Christmas Celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ according to the Orthodox Christian tradition. Yes
Sat 8 Mar International Women's Day A day to honor women's achievements and promote gender equality. Yes
Fri 21 Mar Nauryz Meyrami Spring equinox celebration, symbolizing renewal and the beginning of the new year in the Kazakh calendar. Yes
Thu 1 May Kazakhstan People's Unity Day A day to celebrate the unity of the diverse ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. Yes
Wed 7 May Defender's Day A day to honor the military and those who serve in the defense of the country. Yes
Fri 9 May Victory Day Commemoration of the victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. Yes
Sat 28 Jun Kurman Ait An Islamic holiday commemorating the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. No
Mon 1 Dec First President Day Celebration of the first President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Yes
Tue 16 Dec Independence Day Celebration of Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Yes
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Holidays in 2026

Date Holiday Name Description Fixed Date
Thu 1 Jan New Year's Day Celebration of the new year, marked by festivities and family gatherings. Yes
Wed 7 Jan Orthodox Christmas Celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ according to the Orthodox Christian tradition. Yes
Sun 8 Mar International Women's Day A day to honor women's achievements and promote gender equality. Yes
Sat 21 Mar Nauryz Meyrami Spring equinox celebration, symbolizing renewal and the beginning of the new year in the Kazakh calendar. Yes
Fri 1 May Kazakhstan People's Unity Day A day to celebrate the unity of the diverse ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. Yes
Thu 7 May Defender's Day A day to honor the military and those who serve in the defense of the country. Yes
Sat 9 May Victory Day Commemoration of the victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. Yes
Wed 17 Jun Kurman Ait An Islamic holiday commemorating the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. No
Tue 1 Dec First President Day Celebration of the first President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Yes
Wed 16 Dec Independence Day Celebration of Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Yes
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Climate Zones

Southern Kazakhstan - Hot desert climate

Hot desert climate with very low rainfall and high temperatures, especially in summer.

Area covered: This climate zone is primarily found in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, including cities like Shymkent and Turkestan. It is characterized by extremely hot summers and mild winters, with very little precipitation throughout the year.

Rainy Season: Minimal rainfall occurs sporadically, mainly in late spring and early summer, but it is generally very low in intensity and duration.

Dry Season: The dry season lasts throughout the year, with the hottest months being June to August.

Snow Season: Snow is rare, but light snowfall can occur in winter months, particularly in December and January.

Central Kazakhstan - Cold semi-arid climate

Cold semi-arid climate with cold winters and warm summers, receiving moderate rainfall.

Area covered: This zone covers much of central Kazakhstan, including cities like Karaganda and Ekibastuz. It features cold winters and warm summers, with moderate precipitation mainly in summer.

Rainy Season: The rainy season occurs mainly in June to August, with moderate rainfall intensity.

Dry Season: The dry season is from September to May, with very little precipitation.

Adverse Weather Season: Severe winter conditions can occur from December to February, with heavy snowstorms and freezing temperatures.

Snow Season: Snow season lasts from November to March, with significant snowfall especially in January and February.

Northeastern Kazakhstan - Humid continental climate

Humid continental climate with hot summers and cold winters, experiencing significant rainfall.

Area covered: This climate zone is found in the northeastern part of Kazakhstan, including cities like Pavlodar and Ust-Kamenogorsk. It is characterized by hot summers and cold winters, with significant precipitation throughout the year.

Rainy Season: The rainy season occurs mainly in late spring and summer, particularly from May to August, with moderate to heavy rainfall.

Dry Season: The dry season is typically in winter, from December to February, with very little precipitation.

Adverse Weather Season: Severe winter weather can occur from December to February, including heavy snow and blizzards.

Snow Season: Snow season lasts from November to March, with heavy snowfall expected in December and January.

Western Kazakhstan - Warm summer humid continental climate

Warm summer humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters, experiencing moderate rainfall.

Area covered: This climate zone is found in the western regions of Kazakhstan, including cities like Atyrau and Aktobe. It features warm summers and cold winters, with moderate precipitation throughout the year.

Rainy Season: The rainy season occurs mainly in late spring and summer, particularly from May to August, with moderate rainfall.

Dry Season: The dry season is typically in winter, from December to February, with very little precipitation.

Adverse Weather Season: Severe winter weather can occur from December to February, including heavy snow and blizzards.

Snow Season: Snow season lasts from November to March, with significant snowfall expected in December and January.

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Geography Topology

Water Bodies and Lakes

  • Caspian Sea: The largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth, known for its unique biodiversity and rich oil reserves.
    Location: Bordering Kazakhstan to the west and southwest.
    Area: 371000 km²
    Length: 1200 km
    Maximum Width: 300 km
    Average Depth: 8 m
    Volume: 180000 km³
    Type: sea
    Major Activities: Fishing, boating, and beach activities.
  • Lake Balkhash: A large lake with a unique feature of having fresh water in the eastern part and salty water in the west.
    Location: Located in southeastern Kazakhstan.
    Area: 1060 km²
    Length: 600 km
    Maximum Width: 9 km
    Average Depth: 6 m
    Volume: 6.3 km³
    Type: lake
    Major Activities: Fishing, bird watching, and water sports.
  • Lake Zaysan: A picturesque lake surrounded by mountains, known for its clear waters and diverse wildlife.
    Location: Located in eastern Kazakhstan.
    Area: 1000 km²
    Length: 100 km
    Maximum Width: 15 km
    Average Depth: 5 m
    Volume: 5 km³
    Type: lake
    Major Activities: Fishing, hiking, and nature photography.

Mountain Ranges

  • Altai Mountains: A majestic mountain range known for its stunning landscapes, rich flora and fauna, and cultural significance.
    Location: Located in the eastern part of Kazakhstan, bordering Russia, China, and Mongolia.
    Area: 200000 km²
    Length: 1200 km
    Width: 300 km
    Maximum Elevation: 4506 m
    Highest Peak: Mount Belukha
    Type: mountain range
    Popular Trails: The Altai Trail, a popular route for trekking and exploring the stunning scenery.
  • Tian Shan: A vast mountain range that stretches across Central Asia, renowned for its breathtaking peaks and alpine lakes.
    Location: Located in southeastern Kazakhstan, extending into Kyrgyzstan and China.
    Area: 100000 km²
    Length: 2500 km
    Width: 300 km
    Maximum Elevation: 7439 m
    Highest Peak: Victory Peak
    Type: mountain range
    Popular Trails: The Ala Archa National Park trails, offering stunning views and challenging hikes.

Deserts

  • Kazakh Steppe: A vast semi-arid region characterized by rolling grasslands and sparse vegetation, home to unique wildlife.
    Location: Covers a large part of northern Kazakhstan.
    Area: 804000 km²
    Type: desert
    Unique Features: Home to the Saiga antelope and a variety of migratory birds.
    Climate: Continental climate with hot summers and cold winters.
    Best Visit Time: Late spring and early autumn for mild weather.
  • Kyzylkum Desert: One of the largest deserts in Central Asia, known for its red sands and unique geological formations.
    Location: Located in the southern part of Kazakhstan, extending into Uzbekistan.
    Area: 298000 km²
    Type: sand desert
    Unique Features: Famous for its stunning sunsets and unique wildlife, including the desert fox.
    Climate: Extreme temperatures with hot summers and cold winters.
    Best Visit Time: Autumn and spring for comfortable temperatures.
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Tourist Regions

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Visa Requirements

Country Tourist Visa Required Visa on Arrival E-Visa Available Visa Organized in Advance
Australia Yes Yes Yes Yes
Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes
China Yes Yes Yes Yes
Egypt Yes Yes Yes Yes
France Yes Yes Yes Yes
Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes
India Yes Yes Yes Yes
Italy Yes Yes Yes Yes
Japan Yes Yes Yes Yes
Mexico Yes Yes Yes Yes
New Zealand Yes Yes Yes Yes
Poland Yes Yes Yes Yes
South Korea Yes Yes Yes Yes
Spain Yes Yes Yes Yes
Turkey Yes Yes Yes Yes
United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes Yes
United States Yes Yes Yes Yes
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Travel Advice

Crime: Kazakhstan has a moderate crime rate, with petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching being common in urban areas, particularly in Almaty and Nur-Sultan. Travelers are advised to remain vigilant, avoid displaying valuables, and use reputable transportation services. Violent crime is less common but can occur, so it's best to stay in well-populated areas and avoid isolated places, especially at night.

Terrorism: The terrorism risk in Kazakhstan is considered low, but there have been isolated incidents in the past. Travelers should remain aware of their surroundings, particularly in public places and during large gatherings. Regions near the borders with Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan may have a higher risk, and travelers are advised to exercise caution in these areas.

Natural Hazards: Kazakhstan is prone to natural hazards such as earthquakes, particularly in the Almaty region. Travelers should familiarize themselves with earthquake safety procedures. Additionally, severe weather conditions, including heavy snow and ice in winter, can affect travel plans, so it's advisable to check weather forecasts and road conditions before traveling.

LGBTQ+ Travelers: LGBTQ+ travelers may face social stigma and discrimination in Kazakhstan, as homosexuality is legal but not widely accepted. Public displays of affection between same-sex couples are discouraged. It is advisable for LGBTQ+ travelers to exercise discretion and be aware of local attitudes when traveling in the country.

Solo Travelers: Solo travelers, especially women, should take precautions when traveling in Kazakhstan. It is recommended to avoid walking alone at night and to use reputable transportation options. Engaging with locals can be rewarding, but solo travelers should remain cautious and trust their instincts when meeting new people.

UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office

Summary: Travel to Kazakhstan is generally safe, but caution is advised in certain areas.

General Advice: Take normal precautions

Area Reason Level
Almaty region Increased crime rates and civil unrest medium
Western Kazakhstan Potential for social unrest and protests medium
View official travel advice on UK FCDO website

Disclaimer: Travel advice might be out of date. Please check the official UK FCDO website for the latest information.

US Department of State

Summary: Kazakhstan is generally safe for travel, but some areas require caution.

General Advice: Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution

Area Reason Level
Almaty Higher crime rates and potential for civil disturbances medium
Mangystau region Risk of protests and civil unrest medium
View official travel advice on US Department of State website

Disclaimer: Travel advice might be out of date. Please check the official US Department of State website for the latest information.

Canada Advice

Summary: Kazakhstan is a safe destination, but travelers should remain vigilant.

General Advice: Exercise a high degree of caution

Area Reason Level
Almaty Increased crime and potential for civil unrest medium
Aktobe region Risk of social unrest and protests medium
View official travel advice on Canada Advice website

Disclaimer: Travel advice might be out of date. Please check the official Canada Advice website for the latest information.

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Getting There

Explore direct flights to Kazakhstan from various international airports. The table below shows which source airports connect to which destinations in Kazakhstan.

Number of major airports served internationally: 1

Destinations airports in Kazakhstan
International
Airport
ALA
DXB
LHR
ORD
CDG
IST
AMS
FRA
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